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Hiring in Israel
When negotiating terms of an employment contract and offer letter with an employee in Israel, it may be useful to keep the following standard benefits in mind.
Employment contracts in Israel
Israeli labor law does not require a written employment contract; however, it is strongly recommended to put one in place. 合約應以 當地語言撰寫，並 說明員工的薪酬、福利和離職要求等條款。 An offer letter and employment contract in Israel should always state the salary and any compensation amounts in Israeli shekel rather than another currency.
Most employment agreements include clauses regarding confidentiality, assignment of intellectual property, and noncompetition. It should be noted however that restrictive provisions concerning future employment of an employee are valid only if such limitations are aimed at protecting the employer’s legitimate interests, including trade secrets.
It is highly likely that in most cases, restrictive terms will not be held enforceable. 然而，鑒於競業禁止條款的貶值，建議在僱傭協議中納入該等條款。
Working hours in Israel
The standard workweek in Israel is Sunday through Thursday, although non-Jewish people may choose Friday, Saturday, or Sunday as their main weekly holiday. Locals may not work on Saturday unless their employer is open on Saturdays with a special permit.
The workweek may not exceed 42 hours, allocated over 5 or 6 days of work, provided that each workday does not exceed 9 hours.
Employees are entitled to overtime, pay which is calculated as follows:
- 對於加班的前 2 個小時，加班費是日常薪資的 125%
- For any additional hour of work as well as for work during the weekly rest day, remuneration shall amount to 150% of the regular wage.
- 一些公司每月支付一筆總金額作為加班費的補償
愛爾蘭假日
以色列慶祝下列官方公共假期，員工在此期間休假，這些假期包括：
- 逾越節
- 陣亡將士紀念日（半天）
- 獨立日
- 五旬節
- 羅什哈桑納（猶太新年）
- 猶太贖罪日
- 住棚節
- 聖會節/妥拉節
獨立日是所有公民都要遵守的，而其他節日是猶太教節假日，非猶太人可不遵守。
Vacation days in Israel
Employees in Israel have the right to paid annual leave, the length of which depends on the employee’s period of service. 法律要求的最低時長是每年 10 至 23 天。
Israel sick leave
Employees have the right to receive sick leave at a rate of 1.5 days for each month of employment with the right to accumulate up to 90 days.
- Employees are not entitled to any payment for the 1st day of sickness
- For the 2nd and 3rd days, employees are entitled to 50% of the salary
- From the 4th day onward, employees are entitled to 100% of the salary
- It should be noted that it is common for some industries to pay full salary for sick leave from day 1.
All workers who are employed for more than 1 year with the same employer are entitled to an annual payment for convalescence. The minimal period is between 5 and 10 days per year, and the current rate per day is around ILS 330. 在員工書面同意的情況下，該薪資可以包含在員工的薪資中。
Maternity and paternity leave in Israel
Pregnant women are entitled to 7 weeks of maternity leave at full pay provided that they were employed by the company for the previous 6 to 10 months. The employee is also entitled to the same position upon returning.
- Employees who have worked more than 10 months receive 14 weeks of paid leave. 該假期的一半可在產前休。
Fathers receive an 8-day paternity leave following the birth of their child. This includes 3 paid vacation days and 5 days of sick leave paid by the employer.
In general, it is forbidden to dismiss a pregnant employee who worked for over 6 months (even if the employer was not aware of the pregnancy on the day of notice). Dismissal is also prohibited throughout the employee’s pregnancy, as well as during the maternity leave and a period of 60 days after that. 只有在許可的情況下才能解僱懷孕員工。
Health insurance in Israel
All Israeli citizens are entitled to healthcare as stipulated under the National Insurance Law. There is only 1 national insurance institute in Israel to which the payments are funded to. These payments are compulsory taxes for social welfare.
Israel supplementary benefits
一些以色列公司向「管理者保險」政策或退休基金繳款。 This provides for a monthly allocation into an insurance fund of 18.3% of the employee’s salary, paid in part by both the employer and employee. 部分僱主的供款代替遣散費。
Some employers provide disability insurance of up to 2.5% of the employee’s salary.
Employees are entitled to be compensated for their travel expenses, the rate of which is updated periodically. This is calculated on the basis of the days actually worked during which the employee used public transportation to and from the workplace.
- Some employers provide a company car or pay a separate fee for the use and maintenance of the employee’s car. Specific terms are subject to Collective Bargaining Agreements and to the employee’s employment contract.
- 根據員工的書面同意，交通費可包含在員工的薪水中。
一般而言，我們建議在總薪資之上為 福利編列 20% 的預算，以分配僱主的總成本，包括以色列的福利。
Termination/severance in Israel
僱傭可能因辭職、解僱、退休、死亡或有限僱傭期限屆滿而終止。 Dismissal entitles the employee to severance pay, however, there are certain circumstances in which the dismissed employee is not entitled to severance, i.e. with cause.
提前通知解雇及每月薪資支付之員工的辭職最低法定期間為：
- 1 day for employees who have worked up to 6 months.
- 6 days, plus an additional 2.5 days for each full month worked, starting from the 7th month, for employees who have worked between 6 months and 1 year.
- 30 days after completion of the first year of employment.
- Unless specifically indicated otherwise, the employer has the right to terminate employment without the delivery of a notice, and provide a severance payment in lieu, if required.
Paying taxes in Israel
員工在以色列繳納累進所得稅，從 10% 開始並增長到最高 50%。 雇主和員工都須向國民保險和健康保險繳納部分薪水。
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